Tools
Leader Formulas
Warm water fly fishing
Seaguar STS Fluorocarbon · 60/20/20 Rule · 7 ft & 9 ft
Butt (60%)
Taper (20%)
Tippet (20%)

Knots & connections
Recommended joinery for Seaguar STS fluorocarbon
Butt to fly line
Loop-to-loop with a factory welded loop or a Whipped Loop. Keep the connection tight and in-line — a crooked loop kills turnover before it starts.
Butt to taper (10–25 lb)
Double Uni knot (5 wraps each side). Holds fluorocarbon well and passes cleanly through guides on the forward cast.
Taper to tippet (4–10 lb)
Blood Knot when diameters are within 2 lb of each other. Double Uni for larger step-downs. For bluegill tippets at 4 lb, use Double Uni exclusively — Blood Knots slip on light fluoro under load.
Tippet to fly
Non-Slip Mono Loop for poppers and streamers. Clinch or Improved Clinch for nymphs. For bluegill dry flies on 4 lb, a Davy Knot preserves more breaking strength than an Improved Clinch.

Field adjustments
If the fly isn't turning over cleanly, work through these in order
Fly piles on the leader
Shorten the tippet 3–4 inches at a time. Most turnover problems live here — a tippet too long for fly weight loses energy at the last moment.
Leader collapses entirely
Add a short section of next-heavier material between fly line and butt, or lengthen the butt 6 inches.
Fly kicks sideways on delivery
Slow your casting stroke and let the loop fully unroll before stopping. If it persists, drop from 9 ft to 7 ft — shorter leaders buy margin in wind.
Bluegill refusals on the surface
Lengthen the tippet 6–8 inches and slow the presentation. Bluegill in clear water are surprisingly fly-shy — a longer, lighter tippet with a slower drop often converts follows into eats.